{"id":1676,"date":"2017-12-30T16:40:45","date_gmt":"2017-12-30T13:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mekanikelektriktesisat.com\/?p=1676"},"modified":"2017-12-30T16:40:45","modified_gmt":"2017-12-30T13:40:45","slug":"bakir-mi-aluminyum-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/2017\/12\/30\/bakir-mi-aluminyum-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bak\u0131r m\u0131? Al\u00fcminyum mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bak\u0131r kablo mu kullanal\u0131m, al\u00fcminyum kablo mu kullanal\u0131m? Son zamanlarda \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z tamamen “duygusal”! Elbette her iki metalin hem elektriksel hem de fiziksel anlamda farklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r ama neticede ikisi de elektriksel iletken olarak kullan\u0131lmaya uygundur. Bu durumda bak\u0131r\u0131 m\u0131 al\u00fcminyumu mu tercih edece\u011fiz?<\/p>\n

\"Cu2\"<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z maliyet fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00f6nemsiz olsayd\u0131 bak\u0131r\u0131 tercih ederdik. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc elektriksel anlamda bak\u0131r\u0131n\u00a0 daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir metal oldu\u011funu kabul etmek gerekir. Ama maliyet fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zard\u0131 etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir! M\u00fchendislik “fayda\/maliyet oran\u0131”n\u0131n en y\u00fcksekte olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Al\u00fcminyum kablo ve bak\u0131r kablo baz\u0131 teknik de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re hesaplamalar ve \u00e7evrimler yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra birbirlerinin alternatifi olmaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta ayn\u0131 “fayda”y\u0131 elde etti\u011fimiz yerlerde maliyet \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birbirlerine bu kadar yak\u0131n alternatif olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen neden bak\u0131r \u00e7ok daha pop\u00fcler?<\/h4>\n

Bak\u0131r ve al\u00fcminyum metallerinin piyasa de\u011ferlerinin, elektri\u011fin y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 boyunca ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakarsak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir grafi\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\"Cu<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yer almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda al\u00fcminyum metali, bak\u0131r metalinden pahal\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0 Hatta 1900l\u00fc y\u0131llara girmeden \u00f6nce al\u00fcminyum, bak\u0131rdan 5-10 kat daha pahal\u0131 bir seviyedeydi. Al\u00fcminyum d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen o y\u0131llarda al\u00fcminyumu safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p sanayinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunmak \u00e7ok zahmetliydi. Bu sebeple bak\u0131ra oranla piyasa de\u011feri \u00e7ok yukar\u0131lardayd\u0131. Hatta 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda Thomas Edison ilk iletim \u015febekesini kurarken al\u00fcminyum \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bak\u0131r\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fcminyum ve bak\u0131r aras\u0131ndaki fark 1947 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar azald\u0131. 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise art\u0131k 1kg bak\u0131r, 1 kg al\u00fcminyumdan pahal\u0131yd\u0131. Fakat bu fark al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f tercihleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yol a\u00e7acak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fildi. Bak\u0131r\u0131n elektriksel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0 bak\u0131r ile al\u00fcminyum aras\u0131ndaki fiyat fark\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131yordu. 1950li y\u0131llardan 2000li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar bak\u0131r\u0131n kg fiyat\u0131 al\u00fcminyumun kg fiyat\u0131ndan ortalama %45 fazlayd\u0131. Bu fiyat fark\u0131, bak\u0131r\u0131n al\u00fcminyum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki elektriksel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6ze al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatikman kapan\u0131yordu. Fakat 2004 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde bak\u0131r\u0131n kg ba\u015f\u0131na piyasa fiyat\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda kg ba\u015f\u0131na bak\u0131r, al\u00fcminyumdan %59 daha pahal\u0131yd\u0131. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda %90, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda %159, 2010 da %233,\u00a0 2013 de %302, 2017 de ise %216 daha pahal\u0131yd\u0131. Yani 2004 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bak\u0131r lehine i\u015fleyen, m\u00fchendisli\u011fin alt\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc\u00a0 “fayda\/maliyet oran\u0131” art\u0131k sorgulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Elektri\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih boyunca, yani son y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r, bak\u0131r kullan\u0131m\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline gelmi\u015fti. Kablo denince hemen akla bak\u0131r kablo geliyordu, kimsenin al\u00fcminyum alternatifini ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na gerek yoktu. 100 y\u0131l boyunca oturan bak\u0131r al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen terk edilemedi\u011finden bak\u0131r\u0131n pop\u00fclerli\u011fi devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

(Yukar\u0131daki grafi\u011fin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 excel olarak bu ba\u011flant\u0131dan <\/a>indirebilirsiniz.)<\/p>\n

\"Al1\"<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131r ve Al\u00fcminyumun teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h4>\n

Bak\u0131r yerine al\u00fcminyumun ad\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011finde insanlar, zaman zaman teknik olarak acaba yanl\u0131\u015f m\u0131 yap\u0131yorum endi\u015fesine d\u00fc\u015febilmektedirler. Bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, bak\u0131r kablo kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fczbinlerce lira harcayacak iken al\u00fcminyuma ge\u00e7ti\u011finde onbinler mertebesini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00f6zlerine inanamay\u0131p ister istemez bu endi\u015feyi ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu endi\u015feyi gidermek i\u00e7in, iki malzemenin de teknik de\u011ferlerine bir bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zellikler<\/td>\nBirim<\/td>\nE-Cu<\/td>\nE-Al<\/td>\nAlMgSi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bak\u0131r<\/td>\nAl\u00fcminyum<\/td>\nAl Ala\u015f\u0131m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d6zg\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k<\/td>\nkg\/dm3<\/sup><\/td>\n8,9<\/td>\n2,7<\/td>\n2,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7ekme Gerilmesi<\/td>\nkg\/mm2<\/sup><\/td>\n450…240<\/td>\n180…80<\/td>\n310<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(sert…tavl\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kopma uzamas\u0131<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n1…35<\/td>\n2…35<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(sert…tavl\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elastisite Mod\u00fcl\u00fc<\/td>\nkN\/mm2<\/sup><\/td>\n120<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ergime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n0<\/sup>C<\/td>\n1083<\/td>\n658<\/td>\n658<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Is\u0131 genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n10-6\u00a0<\/sup>\/\u00a00<\/sup>C<\/td>\n16,6<\/td>\n23,8<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+20\u00a00<\/sup>C\u2019de diren\u00e7 \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n1\/\u00a00<\/sup>C<\/td>\n0,0039<\/td>\n0,004<\/td>\n0,0036<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+20\u00a00<\/sup>C\u2019de iletkenlik<\/td>\nIACS\u00a0 %<\/td>\n97…100<\/td>\n61…62<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+20\u00a00<\/sup>C\u2019 de \u00f6zg\u00fcl diren\u00e7<\/td>\nOhm mm2<\/sup>\/m<\/td>\n0,01786<\/td>\n0,02857<\/td>\n0,0328<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynak:<\/td>\nhttp:\/\/www.espar.com.tr\/resimler1\/aluminyum.htm<\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Yukar\u0131daki tabloda, E-Cu (Elektrolitik bak\u0131r), E-Al (Elektrolitik Al\u00fcminyum) ile baz\u0131 hava hatlar\u0131 ve kablolarda da kullan\u0131lan al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m AlMgSi\u2019 un fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zdiren\u00e7:<\/h4>\n

SI \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re, 1m uzunlu\u011funda ve 1mm2 kesitindeki bir ilekenin, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi dirence \u00f6zdiren\u00e7 (ro)\u00a0denir. \u00d6zdiren\u00e7 de\u011feri, malzemenin yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ve o malzemeye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in\u00a0 ro\u00a0Al<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,028264 Ohm<\/b>\u00a0mm2<\/sup>\/m ,<\/b>bak\u0131r i\u00e7in\u00a0 ro\u00a0Cu<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,017857 Ohm<\/b>\u00a0mm2<\/sup>\/m <\/b>dir.<\/p>\n

Yani ayn\u0131 kesit ve uzunluktaki biri al\u00fcminyum, biri bak\u0131r iki iletkenden al\u00fcminyum olan, bak\u0131ra oranla elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131na %58,2 daha fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Yani bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bak\u0131r kablo ile beslenen bir ekipman\u0131n\u00a0 besleme kablosunu ayn\u0131 kesitte al\u00fcminyum kablo ile de\u011fi\u015ftirirsek gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc %58,2 daha artar. Bu da muhtemelen izin verilen gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p \u0131s\u0131nmaya yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131ndan al\u00fcminyumda bir \u00fcst kesite ge\u00e7meyi gerektirecektir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zdirecin tersine iletkenlik<\/strong> denir. \u0130letkenlik, Al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in SAl<\/sub>\u00a0= 35,38 m\/Ohm<\/b>\u00a0mm2<\/sup><\/b>\u00a0 bak\u0131r i\u00e7in\u00a0 SCu<\/sub>\u00a0= 56 m\/Ohm<\/b>\u00a0mm2\u00a0<\/sup><\/b>dir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretici katalogunun irdelenmesi<\/h4>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, Vatan Kablo’nun, T\u00fcrkiyede en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan kablo tiplerinden olan al\u00fcminyum iletkenli NAYY kablo ve bak\u0131r iletkenli NYY kablo kataloglar\u0131n\u0131n teknik de\u011ferlerinin bulundu\u011fu tablolar yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

NAYY Kablo (0.6\/1kV, PVC izoleli, al\u00fcminyum iletkenli kablo)\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kesit<\/td>\nD\u0131\u015f \u00c7ap\u0131<\/td>\nAk\u0131m Ta\u015f\u0131ma Kap.<\/td>\nDC Direnci (20\u00b0C)<\/td>\nA\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mm2<\/sup><\/td>\nmm<\/td>\nHavada<\/td>\nToprakta<\/td>\nOhm\/km<\/td>\nkg\/km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×16+10mm2<\/td>\n21,7<\/td>\n71<\/td>\n77<\/td>\n1,91<\/td>\n672<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×25+16mm2<\/td>\n24,9<\/td>\n83<\/td>\n99<\/td>\n1,2<\/td>\n899<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×35+16mm2<\/td>\n26,9<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n118<\/td>\n0,868<\/td>\n1063<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×50+25mm2<\/td>\n30,9<\/td>\n124<\/td>\n142<\/td>\n0,641<\/td>\n1400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×70+35mm2<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n158<\/td>\n176<\/td>\n0,443<\/td>\n1837<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×95+50mm2<\/td>\n40,1<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n211<\/td>\n0,32<\/td>\n2432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×120+70mm2<\/td>\n43,9<\/td>\n221<\/td>\n242<\/td>\n0,253<\/td>\n2954<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×150+70mm2<\/td>\n47,5<\/td>\n252<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n0,206<\/td>\n3456<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×185+95mm2<\/td>\n52,8<\/td>\n289<\/td>\n308<\/td>\n0,164<\/td>\n4305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×240+120mm2<\/td>\n59,4<\/td>\n339<\/td>\n363<\/td>\n0,125<\/td>\n5506<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

NYY Kablo (0.6\/1kV, PVC izoleli, bak\u0131r iletkenli kablo)\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kesit<\/td>\nD\u0131\u015f \u00c7ap\u0131<\/td>\nAk\u0131m Ta\u015f\u0131ma Kap.<\/td>\nDC Direnci (20\u00b0C)<\/td>\nA\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mm2<\/sup><\/td>\nmm<\/td>\nHavada<\/td>\nToprakta<\/td>\n1,15<\/td>\nkg\/km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×16+10mm2<\/td>\n21,5<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n99<\/td>\n1,15<\/td>\n1004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×25+16mm2<\/td>\n24,8<\/td>\n121<\/td>\n128<\/td>\n0,727<\/td>\n1438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×35+16mm2<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n149<\/td>\n154<\/td>\n0,524<\/td>\n1792<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×50+25mm2<\/td>\n31,4<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n0,387<\/td>\n2464<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×70+35mm2<\/td>\n35,2<\/td>\n215<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n0,268<\/td>\n3300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×95+50mm2<\/td>\n40,6<\/td>\n266<\/td>\n255<\/td>\n0,193<\/td>\n4473<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×120+70mm2<\/td>\n44,7<\/td>\n308<\/td>\n289<\/td>\n0,153<\/td>\n5602<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×150+70mm2<\/td>\n48,3<\/td>\n357<\/td>\n327<\/td>\n0,124<\/td>\n6629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×185+95mm2<\/td>\n54,5<\/td>\n405<\/td>\n366<\/td>\n0,099<\/td>\n8418<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×240+120mm2<\/td>\n60,6<\/td>\n482<\/td>\n425<\/td>\n0,075<\/td>\n10710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Her iki tabloyu da inceledi\u011fimizde;<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 kesite sahip kablolar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f \u00e7aplar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fcretildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Havada ak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasiteleri aras\u0131nda ortalama %40 oran\u0131nda bak\u0131r kablo daha avantajl\u0131.<\/p>\n

Toprakta ak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesinde ise bu avantaj\u0131 %23’e gerilemektedir. Yani kablo toprakta tesis edilecekse al\u00fcminyum alternatifini de\u011ferlendirmek \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 kesitteki kablolar baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, al\u00fcminyum iletkenli kablolarda DC iletken diren\u00e7leri,\u00a0 ortalama %66 daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r. (Bkz. \u00d6zdiren\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/p>\n

Kablo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ortalamadan bahsetmek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olur. 3×16+10mm2 kesitindeki NYY kablo, ayn\u0131 kesitteki NAYY kablodan %49 daha a\u011f\u0131rken, kesit mertebeleri b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k fark\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte ve 3×240+120mm2 kesitte bu fark %95′ \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck kesitlerde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k fark\u0131 makas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, maliyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle ana besleme kablolar\u0131n\u0131n al\u00fcminyum se\u00e7ilmesi noktas\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131ya avantaj sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her iki kablonun da yal\u0131t\u0131msal anlamda karakteristikleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Yani her iki kabloda da maksimum 70\u00baC i\u015fletme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, 160\u00baC k\u0131sadevre s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin verilmektedir. Yani bak\u0131r da kullansak, al\u00fcminyum da kullansak bu anlamda bizi s\u0131n\u0131rlayan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckler ayn\u0131 kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Cu1\"<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131r kablodan Al\u00fcminyum kabloya ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/h4>\n

Bak\u0131r kablo yerine al\u00fcminyum kabloya ge\u00e7erken en do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, projeye ve hesap raporuna bakarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak zaman zaman maliyet mertebelerinin tespiti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen \u00f6rnekteki gibi bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda sak\u0131nca yoktur. Maliyet avantaj\u0131 mertebesi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp net karar verildikten sonra detayl\u0131 olarak bak\u0131rdan al\u00fcminyuma ge\u00e7i\u015f bir proje m\u00fchendisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, bizim firmaya g\u00f6nderilen teklif iste\u011fine ait ke\u015fif listesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m kablolar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u015firket, projeyi NYY kablolarla \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f ve ke\u015fif listesini buna g\u00f6re olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu paralelde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z fiyat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kablo<\/td>\nMiktar<\/td>\nBirim<\/td>\nBirim Fiyat<\/td>\nToplam Fiyat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×240+120 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n120<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n323,175 TL<\/td>\n38.781 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×185+95 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n60<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n247,08 TL<\/td>\n14.825 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×150+70 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n630<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n194,87 TL<\/td>\n122.768 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×120+70 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n100<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n163,17 TL<\/td>\n16.317 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×95+50 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n15<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n126,97 TL<\/td>\n1.905 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×70+35 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n240<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n91,685 TL<\/td>\n22.004 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×50+35 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n50<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n65,19 TL<\/td>\n3.260 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×35+16 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n300<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n47,67 TL<\/td>\n14.301 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×25+16 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n55<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n37,04 TL<\/td>\n2.037 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nTOPLAM<\/td>\n236.198 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ayn\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131ya NYY kablo yerine NAYY kablo kullanmas\u0131 durumunda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 avantaj\u0131 belirtmek ad\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle bir alternatif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da yapt\u0131k:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
NYY Kablo<\/td>\nAk\u0131m T. Kap.<\/td>\nNAYY Alternatifi<\/td>\nAk\u0131m T. Kap.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×240+120 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n482 A<\/td>\n2\/\/3×185+95 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n549,1 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×185+95 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n405 A<\/td>\n2\/\/3×150+70 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n478,8 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×150+70 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n357 A<\/td>\n2\/\/3×95+50 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n361 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×120+70 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n308 A<\/td>\n3×240+120 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n339 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×95+50 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n266 A<\/td>\n3×185+95 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n289 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×70+35 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n215 A<\/td>\n3×120+70 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n221 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×50+35 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n173 A<\/td>\n3×95+50 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n190 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×35+16 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n149 A<\/td>\n3×70+35 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n158 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×25+16 mm2 NYY<\/td>\n121 A<\/td>\n3×50+35 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n124 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, bak\u0131r kablonun sahip oldu\u011fu ak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini sa\u011flayan en yak\u0131n al\u00fcminyum kablo alternatifini olu\u015fturduk. Buna g\u00f6re al\u00fcminyum kablo metraj\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kablo<\/td>\nMiktar<\/td>\nBirim<\/td>\nBirim Fiyat<\/td>\nToplam Fiyat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×240+120 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n100<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n46,079 TL<\/td>\n4.608 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×185+95 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n255<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n36,135 TL<\/td>\n9.214 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×150+70 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n120<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n28,556 TL<\/td>\n3.427 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×120+70 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n240<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n23,983 TL<\/td>\n5.756 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×95+50 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n1310<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n19,58 TL<\/td>\n25.650 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×70+35 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n300<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n14,2912 TL<\/td>\n4.287 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×50+35 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n55<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n10,78 TL<\/td>\n593 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×35+16 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n7,92 TL<\/td>\n0 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×25+16 mm2 NAYY<\/td>\n<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nTOPLAM<\/td>\n53.535 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan fiyatland\u0131rmada ise ortaya al\u00fcminyum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok avantajl\u0131 bir tablo \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bak\u0131r kablo kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa 236.000TL ye mal olan bir yat\u0131r\u0131m, al\u00fcminyum kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 53.000TL mertebesine gelmektedir. Yani bak\u0131rl\u0131 maliyetin %22sine gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131rdan al\u00fcminyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131rken kablolar\u0131n maksimum ak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitelerinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halbuki proje hesap detaylar\u0131na girildi\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla daha da avantajl\u0131 se\u00e7imler yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kablo uzunlu\u011fu ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte NYY kablo kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1570 mt\u00fcl kabloyla i\u015f bitirilirken NAYY kablo kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu rakam 2380 mt\u00fcle \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu da i\u015f\u00e7ilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir dezavantaj yaratmaktad\u0131r. Fakat NYY kablolar\u0131n toplam a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 8120kg iken NAYY kablolar\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu fazla olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 6585kg d\u0131r. Bu durum, i\u015f\u00e7ilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan NAYY i\u00e7in bir avantajd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rayi\u00e7 bedelleri kullanarak NYY ve NAYY kablo i\u015f\u00e7iliklerini de mukayese edersek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kablo<\/td>\nNYY Miktar (m)<\/td>\nNYY Montaj Birim Fiyat<\/td>\nNYY Montaj Toplam Fiyat<\/td>\nNAYY Miktar (m)<\/td>\nNAYY Montaj Birim Fiyat<\/td>\nNAYY Montaj Toplam Fiyat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×240+120<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n28,8 TL<\/td>\n3456 TL<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n23,3 TL<\/td>\n2332,8 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×185+95<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n26,4 TL<\/td>\n1584 TL<\/td>\n255<\/td>\n21,4 TL<\/td>\n5452,92 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×150+70<\/td>\n630<\/td>\n23,4 TL<\/td>\n14742 TL<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n19 TL<\/td>\n2274,48 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×120+70<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n19,8 TL<\/td>\n1980 TL<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n16 TL<\/td>\n3849,12 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×95+50<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n17,1 TL<\/td>\n256,5 TL<\/td>\n1310<\/td>\n13,9 TL<\/td>\n18144,81 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×70+35<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n14,4 TL<\/td>\n3456 TL<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n11,7 TL<\/td>\n3499,2 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×50+35<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n11,7 TL<\/td>\n585 TL<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n9,48 TL<\/td>\n521,235 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×35+16<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n9,9 TL<\/td>\n2970 TL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n8,02 TL<\/td>\n0 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3×25+16<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n8,1 TL<\/td>\n445,5 TL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n6,56 TL<\/td>\n0 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nTOPLAM<\/td>\n29.475 TL<\/td>\n<\/td>\nTOPLAM<\/td>\n36.075 TL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Bu tabloya g\u00f6re, al\u00fcminyum kablo kullanmak i\u015f\u00e7ilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan maliyet getirmektedir. NYY kablo kullan\u0131m\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k 29.000TL kablo montaj bedeli varken NAYY kullan\u0131m\u0131yla bu bedel 36.000TL mertebesine gelmektedir.\u00a0 Fakat bu fark malzemeden sa\u011flanan avantaj\u0131n yan\u0131nda ihmal edilebilir d\u00fczeyde kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, NYY kullan\u0131m\u0131yla 236.000+29.000=265.000TLye mal olan bir i\u015f, NAYY kullan\u0131m\u0131yla 53.000+36.000=89.000TLye mal olmaktad\u0131r. Avantaj ortada !!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Al\"<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/h4>\n

\u00d6zellikle son 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya metal piyasas\u0131nda bak\u0131r fiyat\u0131yla al\u00fcminyumun fiyat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki makas\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddi anlamda a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 al\u00fcminyum kablo kullanmay\u0131 maliyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a avantajl\u0131 bir noktaya getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kesitli kablolar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde al\u00fcminyum kablo kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir avantaj getirmemektedir ama \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck kesitli kablolar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, ana besleme hatlar\u0131nda, toprak alt\u0131 hatlarda\u00a0 al\u00fcminyum kablo kullan\u0131m\u0131 mutlaka tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Unutmay\u0131n, en iyi iletkenlerden biri alt\u0131nd\u0131r. Maliyeti sebebiyle nas\u0131l alt\u0131n kullanmay\u0131p bak\u0131r kullan\u0131yorsak, yine ayn\u0131 sebeple al\u00fcminyum kullanman\u0131n sak\u0131ncas\u0131 yoktur. \u00d6nemli olan, proje m\u00fchendisinin kablo kesit se\u00e7imini g\u00fcncel y\u00f6netmeliklere ve hesap metotlar\u0131na uygun ve do\u011fru olarak yapmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/h4>\n

https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/sir\/2012\/5188\/sir2012-5188.pdf#Aluminum<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.espar.com.tr\/resimler1\/aluminyum.htm<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.aluminum.org\/aluminum-advantage\/history-aluminum<\/p>\n

\"al2\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bak\u0131r kablo mu kullanal\u0131m, al\u00fcminyum kablo mu kullanal\u0131m? Son zamanlarda \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z tamamen “duygusal”! Elbette her iki metalin hem elektriksel hem de fiziksel anlamda farklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r ama neticede ikisi de elektriksel iletken olarak kullan\u0131lmaya uygundur. Bu durumda bak\u0131r\u0131 m\u0131 al\u00fcminyumu mu tercih edece\u011fiz? Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z maliyet fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00f6nemsiz olsayd\u0131 bak\u0131r\u0131… Bak\u0131r m\u0131? Al\u00fcminyum mu?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[56,57,58,59,60,61,62],"class_list":["post-1676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektrik-tesisat","tag-aluminyum","tag-aluminyum-mu","tag-ana-besleme-hatlari","tag-bakir","tag-bakir-mi","tag-kablo","tag-kablo-secimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1676"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1676\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}