{"id":2246,"date":"2019-01-23T16:55:22","date_gmt":"2019-01-23T13:55:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mekanikelektriktesisat.com\/?p=2246"},"modified":"2019-01-23T16:55:22","modified_gmt":"2019-01-23T13:55:22","slug":"kazan-dogalgaz-tuketimi-hesabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/2019\/01\/23\/kazan-dogalgaz-tuketimi-hesabi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kazan Do\u011falgaz T\u00fcketimi Hesab\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kazan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketti\u011fi de\u011fil asl\u0131nda ne kadar enerji t\u00fcketti\u011fi \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gaz idaresi enerji satar, t\u00fcketilen kWh’i faturaland\u0131r\u0131r. Fakat kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z toplam enerjiyi bulmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcketti\u011fimiz gaz\u0131n hacmini \u00f6l\u00e7er. Bunun i\u00e7in gaz sayac\u0131 kullanmak durumundad\u0131r. m3 cinsinden \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu hacmi, baz\u0131 form\u00fclleri kullanarak kWh’e yani enerjiye \u00e7evirir ki bu form\u00fcllerde kullan\u0131lan de\u011ferler mevsime, havalar\u0131n durumuna, rak\u0131ma vs. g\u00f6re s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar kazan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcketti\u011fi enerji as\u0131l \u00f6nemli oland\u0131r desek de bazen kazan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketti\u011fini s\u00f6ylememiz icap eder. Tesisat\u0131m\u0131za koydu\u011fumuz kazan\u0131m\u0131zda ne kadar do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketti\u011finin asl\u0131nda basit bir hesab\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\"kazan.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kazan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kapasitesini do\u011falgaz\u0131n alt \u0131s\u0131l de\u011ferine b\u00f6leriz. \u00c7\u0131kan rakam\u0131 da kazan verimine b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde ne kadar do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketti\u011fimizi bulmu\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl1a.JPG\"<\/p>\n

V0<\/sub>         : Gaz debisi (m3<\/sup>\/h)<\/p>\n

Qkazan<\/sub> : Kazan kapasitesi (kcal\/h) yada (kW)<\/p>\n

\u03b7kazan<\/sub> : Kazan verimi<\/p>\n

Halt<\/sub>    : Gaz alt Is\u0131 De\u011feri (kcal\/m3<\/sup>) ya da (kWh\/m3<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

V0<\/sub>  , de\u011feri bizim kazan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n referans ko\u015fullarda t\u00fcketti\u011fi gaz miktar\u0131d\u0131r. “Kazan\u0131m\u0131z, referans ko\u015fullarda V0<\/sub> [m3\/h] gaz t\u00fcketir” dedi\u011fimizde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki (genelde bu makam gaz idaresidir) asl\u0131nda cevab\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131rf referans ko\u015fullardaki t\u00fcketimi kastetti\u011fimizi vurgulamak i\u00e7in [Nm3\/h] birimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bundan sonras\u0131 kendisine kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011falgaz sayac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\/\u00f6l\u00e7ece\u011fi de\u011ferleri enerjiye \u00e7evirip faturaland\u0131rmak onun i\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fimiz form\u00fcl, asl\u0131nda, kazan\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilen br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Qbr<\/sub> : Br\u00fcl\u00f6r kapasitesi (kcal\/h) yada (kW) olmak \u00fczere<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl4.JPG\"<\/p>\n

\u0130ki ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 birle\u015ftirirsek<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl5a.JPG\"<\/p>\n

e\u015fitli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Tespit etti\u011fimiz br\u00fcl\u00f6r g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011falgaz\u0131n alt \u0131s\u0131l de\u011ferine (8.250kcal\/h \/m3) b\u00f6lersek ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan gaz debisini buluruz.<\/p>\n

\"brulor.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Fakaaat…. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yak\u0131t gazd\u0131r ve gazlar s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferleriyle iyi s\u0131k\u0131\u015fabilen yada genle\u015febilen maddelerdir. Yani gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek t\u00fcketilen gaz\u0131n hacmi, debisi artabilir yada azalabilir. Neticede ayn\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc elde etmi\u015f oluruz ama farkl\u0131 debiler t\u00fcketmi\u015f oluruz. Yukar\u0131daki form\u00fclde 8.250kcal\/h’e b\u00f6lerek buldu\u011fumuz gaz debisi 15\u00baC gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 , 1013,25 mbar hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve 0 mbar gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 referans ko\u015fullar\u0131nda elde edilmi\u015f gaz debisidir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer s\u0131cakl\u0131k, hava bas\u0131nc\u0131, gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011ferlerimiz yukar\u0131da verilen referans de\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131ysa sayac\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7ece\u011fi debi miktar\u0131 hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu sebeple, gazlar\u0131n hacimlerini(debilerini) tespit etmek i\u00e7in gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131, gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 da hesaba bir \u015fekilde sokmak laz\u0131m. Bunu da d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile yapar\u0131z. Referans ko\u015fullardan farkl\u0131 bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k\/bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri s\u00f6z konusuysa d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EN 676’da (T\u00fcrkiye’de TS EN 676) \u00fcflemeli gaz br\u00fcl\u00f6rlerinin yap\u0131m ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ilgili genel kurallar ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu standard\u0131n 5.7. maddesinde br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn t\u00fcketece\u011fi gaz\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn T\u00fcketece\u011fi Do\u011falgaz Miktar\u0131<\/h4>\n

Referans ko\u015fullar baz al\u0131narak (15\u00baC ve 1013,25mbar) hesaplanan gaz debisi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen(sayac\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) gaz debisi aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl3.JPG\"<\/p>\n

V       : Sayac\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gaz debisi (m3<\/sup>\/h)<\/p>\n

V0<\/sub>     : Referans ko\u015fullardaki gaz debisi (m3<\/sup>\/h)<\/p>\n

f       : D\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

f, d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, EN676 \u015fu form\u00fcl\u00fc vermektedir:<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl2.JPG\"<\/p>\n

pat<\/sub>     : Atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 (mbar)<\/p>\n

p       : Saya\u00e7tan ge\u00e7en gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 (mbar)<\/p>\n

tg<\/sub>      : Saya\u00e7tan ge\u00e7en gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00baC)<\/p>\n

d       : Kuru havaya g\u00f6re kuru gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu (kg\/m3<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

dr<\/sub>     : Kuru havaya g\u00f6re kullan\u0131lan gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu (kg\/m3<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

\n

\"sayac.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rnek yapal\u0131m ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bu \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden devam ettirelim:<\/p>\n

Buderus SK755 modeli 420kW kazan\u0131m\u0131z var. Buna uygun br\u00fcl\u00f6r se\u00e7elim ve do\u011falgaz debisini bulal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak kazan kataloguna bak\u0131p kazan\u0131n verimini tespit etmemiz gerekiyor. E\u011fer katalogda bulam\u0131yorsak tam y\u00fckteki baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenip buna g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablodan verim de\u011ferini tespit edebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
KAZAN VER\u0130MLER\u0130      %<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Baca Gaz\u0131 \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00baC<\/strong><\/td>\nYak\u0131t Cinsi ve Alt Is\u0131l De\u011feri<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FUEL oil<\/strong><\/td>\nMotorin<\/strong><\/td>\nDo\u011fal Gaz<\/strong><\/td>\nLPG<\/strong><\/td>\nK\u00f6m\u00fcr<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9700    kcal\/kg<\/strong><\/td>\n10000 kcal\/kg<\/strong><\/td>\n8250 kcal\/Nm3<\/strong><\/td>\n11600 kcal\/kg<\/strong><\/td>\n3000    kcal\/kg<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n88,6<\/td>\n89,6<\/td>\n90,4<\/td>\n90,9<\/td>\n77,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\n88,1<\/td>\n89,1<\/td>\n89,9<\/td>\n90,4<\/td>\n77,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\n87,6<\/td>\n88,6<\/td>\n89,5<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n77,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\n87,2<\/td>\n88,2<\/td>\n89<\/td>\n89,5<\/td>\n77,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\n86,7<\/td>\n87,7<\/td>\n88,5<\/td>\n89<\/td>\n77,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
190<\/td>\n86,2<\/td>\n87,2<\/td>\n88,1<\/td>\n88,6<\/td>\n77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\n85,8<\/td>\n86,8<\/td>\n87,6<\/td>\n88,1<\/td>\n76,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\n85,3<\/td>\n86,3<\/td>\n87,1<\/td>\n87,6<\/td>\n76,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\n84,8<\/td>\n85,8<\/td>\n86,7<\/td>\n87,2<\/td>\n76,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\n84,3<\/td>\n85,3<\/td>\n86,2<\/td>\n86,7<\/td>\n76,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\n83,8<\/td>\n84,8<\/td>\n85,7<\/td>\n86,2<\/td>\n76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\n83,4<\/td>\n84,4<\/td>\n85,2<\/td>\n85,7<\/td>\n75,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\n82,9<\/td>\n83,9<\/td>\n84,8<\/td>\n85,3<\/td>\n75,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\n82,4<\/td>\n83,4<\/td>\n84,3<\/td>\n84,8<\/td>\n75,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
280<\/td>\n81,9<\/td>\n82,9<\/td>\n83,8<\/td>\n84,3<\/td>\n75,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\n81,4<\/td>\n82,4<\/td>\n83,3<\/td>\n83,8<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n82<\/td>\n82,9<\/td>\n83,4<\/td>\n74,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\n80,5<\/td>\n81,5<\/td>\n82,4<\/td>\n82,9<\/td>\n74,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n81,9<\/td>\n82,4<\/td>\n74,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
330<\/td>\n79,5<\/td>\n80,5<\/td>\n81,4<\/td>\n81,9<\/td>\n74,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
340<\/td>\n79<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n80,9<\/td>\n81,4<\/td>\n74,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
350<\/td>\n78,5<\/td>\n79,5<\/td>\n80,5<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n73,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fimizde, Buderus kazan katalo\u011fundan tam y\u00fckte kazan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 200\u00baC oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendik. Yukar\u0131daki tablodan 200\u00baC i\u00e7in do\u011falgaz verim de\u011ferine bakarsak %87,6 ‘y\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re<\/p>\n

420 kW \/ 0,876 = 479,45kW kapasitesinde br\u00fcl\u00f6r se\u00e7memiz gerekir.<\/p>\n

Br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc katalo\u011funa bak\u0131p Alarko’dan se\u00e7elim:<\/p>\n

\"alarkoAlarko’nun katalo\u011fundan 479,45kW ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ALG 60 modelinin kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi br\u00fcl\u00f6r kapasitesinin minimum ve maksimum de\u011ferleri vard\u0131r. nas\u0131l maksimum de\u011feri tam y\u00fck kazan kapasitemizi kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131ysa minimum de\u011feri de minimum kazan y\u00fcklerimizi kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kazan\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcrekli olarak tam y\u00fckte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan ALG 60 modelini se\u00e7mek uygundur.<\/p>\n

Katalogda br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn minimum 202kW (173,720kcal\/h) ve maksimum 580kW (498.800kcal\/h) de\u011ferleri i\u00e7in do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketimleri de verilmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131daki form\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc (V0<\/sub> = Qbr<\/sub> \/  Halt<\/sub>  ) kullanarak bir kontrol edelim:<\/p>\n

Minimumda 173.720\/ 8.250 =  21,06 m3\/h<\/p>\n

Maksimumda 498.800 \/ 8.250 = 60,46 m3\/h<\/p>\n

de\u011ferlerine ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z ki katalogda verilen de\u011ferlerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bizim nominal g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz 479,45kW oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re 479,65 x 860 \/ 8.250 =49,99 m3\/h gaz t\u00fcketimi olur.<\/p>\n

Katalogdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yukar\u0131daki tablonun alt\u0131nda yazan nota dikkat edelim. Kapasite de\u011ferlerinin 15\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve 1013,25mbar atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 i\u00e7in verildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yani, e\u011fer s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferlerimiz farkl\u0131ysa bir d\u00fczeltme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. 479,45 kW l\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 49,99m3\/h de\u011ferinden daha az bir gaz debisi yada daha fazla bir gaz debisiyle sa\u011flamak s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Yine \u00f6rne\u011fimiz \u00fczerinden gidelim. Diyelim ki kazan\u0131m\u0131z 1000m rak\u0131ma sahip bir yerle\u015fim biriminde olsun. D\u0131\u015f ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da 5\u00baC olsun. Yani kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gaz da saya\u00e7tan 5\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7iyor olsun. Ayr\u0131ca gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 da 20mbar olsun. Bu durumda yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fimiz d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fcnde say\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yerine koyal\u0131m. Ama \u00f6ncesinde 1000m y\u00fckseklikteki hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu tespit etmek laz\u0131m. (Bunun i\u00e7in online hesaplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin buraya t\u0131klayarak <\/a>bir hesaplay\u0131c\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131n.) Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kullanarak 5\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve 1000m y\u00fckseklikte hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n 894,83mbar oldu\u011funu tespit ettik.<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl6.JPG\"<\/p>\n

f, d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131  0,9766 olarak buluruz.<\/p>\n

V0<\/sub> = V .  f    ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak,<\/p>\n

49,99 = V . 0,98<\/p>\n

V= 51,01 m3\/h bulunur. Yani referans ko\u015fullarda 49,99m3\/h ile ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z enerjiyi 1000m y\u00fckseklikte, 5\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, 20mbar gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131nda 51,01 m3\/h gaz kullanarak alabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Burada gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00e7ok etkendir. E\u011fer 20mbar seviyesinde t\u00fcketim yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa f, d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131 pratikte uygulanmaz. Zaten yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi d\u00fczeltme katysay\u0131s\u0131 1’e yak\u0131n bir de\u011fer \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. E\u011fer gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131m\u0131z 300mbar olsayd\u0131:<\/p>\n

\"form\u00fcl7.JPG\"<\/p>\n

f, d\u00fczeltme katsay\u0131s\u0131 1,2582 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

V0<\/sub> = V .  f    ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak,<\/p>\n

49,99 = V . 1,2582<\/p>\n

V=39,73m3\/h<\/p>\n

Yani referans ko\u015fullarda 49,99m3\/h ile ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z enerjiyi 1000m y\u00fckseklikte, 5\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, 300mbar gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131nda sayac\u0131m\u0131z 39,73 m3\/h gaz kullanarak alabiliriz.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gaz\u0131n debisi de\u011fi\u015fse de br\u00fcl\u00f6r kapasitesimiz de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc yani 479,45KW’\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz 1000m y\u00fckseklik, 5\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 20mbar gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131nda 51,01 m3\/h t\u00fcketirken ayn\u0131 y\u00fckseklik ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 300mbar gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile 39,73m3\/h t\u00fcketir.<\/p>\n

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\"fatura.jpg\"<\/h4>\n

Do\u011falgaz faturalar\u0131<\/h4>\n