{"id":2414,"date":"2019-06-03T17:00:23","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T14:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mekanikelektriktesisat.com\/?p=2414"},"modified":"2019-06-03T17:00:23","modified_gmt":"2019-06-03T14:00:23","slug":"yanmaz-kablo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/2019\/06\/03\/yanmaz-kablo\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Yanmaz&#8221; Kablo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yanmaz kablo diye bir \u015fey yoktur. Her madde gibi kablo da yanar. Ama yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kablo vard\u0131r. Her ne kadar &#8220;Yanmaz kablo&#8221; tabirini kullananlar &#8220;Yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kablo&#8221;yu kastediyor olsalar da yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 vurgulayal\u0131m dedik.<\/p>\n<p>Kablolar\u0131n, asl\u0131nda yang\u0131nla 2 s\u0131nav\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130lki yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi reaksiyon (Fire Reaction) di\u011feri ise yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6revini yapabilmesi (Fire Retardant)&#8217;dir.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>1. Kablonun Yang\u0131na G\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Reaksiyon (Fire Reaction)<\/h4>\n<p>Yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dumandan bo\u011fulmak oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Haliyle bir yang\u0131n oldu\u011funda, i\u00e7eride bulunanlar\u0131n dumandan etkilenmeden en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tahliye edilebilmesi laz\u0131md\u0131r. E\u011fer i\u00e7eride bulunan e\u015fyalar, yan\u0131nca a\u011f\u0131r duman \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kapat\u0131yorsa insanlar ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 kolayca bulamayacaklard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eride kald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre uzay\u0131nca da dumandan etkilenmeleri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. \u00dcstelik soluduklar\u0131 duman zehirliyse i\u015fler daha k\u00f6t\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bina i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lan her e\u015fyan\u0131n yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l tepki verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemliyse, kablolar da t\u0131pk\u0131 birer e\u015fya gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcp yang\u0131n esnas\u0131ndaki reaksiyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirilen kablonun yang\u0131n an\u0131nda iletimde kalmas\u0131, g\u00f6revini yapmas\u0131 beklenmez. Mesela bir yaz\u0131c\u0131y\u0131, bir bilgisayar\u0131, bir sirk\u00fclasyon pompas\u0131n\u0131,vb. t\u00fckete\u00e7leri besleyen kablo yang\u0131n an\u0131nda iletimden \u00e7\u0131ksa ve yaz\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmasa hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey olmaz. Sadece yang\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yang\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmemesi, alevleri iletmemesi, duman yo\u011funlu\u011funun az olmas\u0131, eriyip akmamas\u0131, yan\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaz\u0131n zehirsiz olmas\u0131 aran\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kablolar yang\u0131n an\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 olmayan ayd\u0131nlatma, priz, g\u00fc\u00e7, zay\u0131f ak\u0131m, vb. kablolar olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir kablonun yang\u0131na g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi reaksiyonun s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, dereceleri vard\u0131r. Bunlar standartlarla belirlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130lgili standartlarda bir kablonun nas\u0131l test edilece\u011fi detayl\u0131 olarak verilmi\u015f, testin neticesine g\u00f6re o standarda uygunluk verilebilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Prysmian kablonun katalo\u011fundan 3 tip kablo(NYY, N2XH ve N2XH FE180) \u00fczerinden \u00f6rneklerle ilerleyelim.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NYY Kablo<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2429 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/nyy-1.png\" alt=\"nyy\" width=\"476\" height=\"92\" \/><strong>N2XH Kablo<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2428 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/n2xh-1.png\" alt=\"n2xh\" width=\"460\" height=\"84\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>N2XH FE180 Kablo<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2430 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/n2xhfe180.png\" alt=\"n2xhfe180\" width=\"469\" height=\"91\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>1.1.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Aleve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k (Flame Retardant) IEC60332-1-2<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Katalogda<strong> NYY<\/strong> kablonun sayfas\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki mavi logoyu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2423 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60332-1-2.png\" alt=\"IEC60332-1-2\" width=\"163\" height=\"226\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu logo, kablonun IEC60332-1-2&#8217;de tan\u0131mlanan test prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve alev iletiminin izin verilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu testte tek bir kablo d\u00fc\u015feyde montajl\u0131 iken \u00fczerine uygulanan alevi ne kadar y\u00fckse\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.2.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Aleve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k (Flame Retardant) IEC60332-3-24 Cat C.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2425 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60332-3.png\" alt=\"IEC60332-3\" width=\"150\" height=\"239\" \/>N2XH tipi kabloya geldi\u011fimizde mavi logolar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130lk olarak NYY tipi kablo&#8217;da g\u00f6r\u00fclen IEC 60332-1-2 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan alev testinin bu tip kabloda da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 verdi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak NYY tipi kablodaki testin bir sonraki a\u015famas\u0131 olan IEC 60332-3 testi de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00dcstteki testte tek bir kablonun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na bak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama bu testte d\u00fc\u015fey olarak montajl\u0131, demetlenmi\u015f kablolar aleve maruz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. E\u011fer alev yukar\u0131 do\u011fru izin verilen limitler dahilinde y\u00fckselmi\u015fse test ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n<p>IEC60332-3-24. Cat C\u00a0 ifadesi kategori C&#8217;yi ifade eder. Yani teste sokulan numunenin metresinde\u00a0 1,5litre metal olmayan malzeme varm\u0131\u015f. (7 litre olursa Kategori A, 3,5 litre olursa Kategori B say\u0131l\u0131r)<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.3.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yanan Damlac\u0131k Testi (Droplet test) IEC 60332-1-3<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2424 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60332-1-3.png\" alt=\"IEC60332-1-3\" width=\"161\" height=\"247\" \/>N2XH kablomuzdan devam edelim. S\u0131rada yanan damlac\u0131k testi var. Yanan damlac\u0131klar yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlikelidir. Bu nedenle kablonun yanan damlac\u0131k \u00fcretmemesi gerekir. Yanan damlac\u0131k testi IEC60332-1-3&#8217;de detaylar\u0131yla verilmi\u015ftir. Satandartta verilen s\u00fcre boyunca alev uygulanan kablo numunesinin damlac\u0131k \u00fcretip alttaki ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 tutu\u015fturmamas\u0131 beklenir. E\u011fer tutu\u015fma olmazsa test ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>1.4\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Halojenden Ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (Halogen Free) IEC60754-1<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2426 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60754-1-2.png\" alt=\"IEC60754-1-2\" width=\"169\" height=\"254\" \/>Periyodik cetvelin 7A grubunda yer alan gazlar halojen gazlard\u0131r. Flor, klor, brom, iyot, ve astatin&#8217;den olu\u015fan bu gazlar normalde tek ba\u015flar\u0131na bulunmazlar. Mesela NaCl form\u00fcll\u00fc sofra tuzundaki klor zehirli de\u011filken tek ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca zehirli bir gaz oluyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Polivinilklor\u00fcr (PVC) izoleli kablolardaki klor yanarak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca yang\u0131ndan ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filer zehirli gaz soluyup bay\u0131labilirler, kendilerini kurtaramayabilirler.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2422\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/periyodik_tablo.png\" alt=\"Periyodik_tablo.png\" width=\"610\" height=\"414\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kablonun yanmas\u0131 durumunda halojen gaz \u00fcretip \u00fcretmedi\u011finin testi IEC 60754-1 \/2 standartlar\u0131ndaki testlerle kontrol edilir.\u00a0 Bu testi ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7mi\u015f kablolar\u0131n yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda zehirli gaz \u00fcretmeyecek olmalar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n tahliyesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Tabi kabloda g\u00f6sterilen bu titizli\u011fin, binan\u0131n i\u00e7ine konulan t\u00fcm e\u015fyalarda da g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir. Aksi takdirde kablomuz zehirli gaz \u00fcretmese bile PVC kaplamal\u0131 bir mobilyan\u0131n etkisi yine \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>1.5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Asitlik derecesi ve iletkenlik testi (Acidity &amp; Conductivity) IEC60754-2<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2431 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60754-2.png\" alt=\"IEC60754-2\" width=\"365\" height=\"272\" \/>N2XH kablonun katalog sayfas\u0131nda IEC60754-1\/2 olarak belirtilmi\u015f ama IEC60754-1 halojenden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu test eder, IEC60754-2 ise kablonun yanma durumunda asitlik derecesini ve iletkenli\u011fini test eder. Test s\u0131ras\u0131nda numune kablo belli bir derecede yak\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kan gazlar su dolu bir kaptan ge\u00e7irilir. Suyun pH de\u011feri ve iletkenli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu de\u011ferler izin verilen limitler dahilinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu standarda uymayan kablolar yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda suyla birle\u015ferek ait olu\u015fturabilir, yang\u0131n\u0131n verece\u011fi zarar engellense bile asidin verece\u011fi zarar ayr\u0131 bir ekonomik k\u00fclfet olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 kataloglarda EN 50267-1\/2&#8217;ye uygunluktan bahsedilmektedir ama bu standart y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerini IEC 60754-1\/2 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.6.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Duman Yo\u011funlu\u011fu (Low Smoke Emission) IEC 61034-1\/2<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2427 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec61034-1-2.png\" alt=\"IEC61034-1-2\" width=\"158\" height=\"233\" \/>Yukar\u0131da da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi, yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir duman olmas\u0131 zehirli olmasa bile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayaca\u011f\u0131ndan insanlar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 imkans\u0131z hale getirebilir. Bu sebeple kablolar\u0131n yand\u0131klar\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir duman \u00e7\u0131karmamalar\u0131 istenir.<\/p>\n<p>IEC 61034-1\/2 standard\u0131ndaki tariflenen testlerde yak\u0131lan bir (yada daha fazla) kablonun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 duman\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k iletimini ne kadar azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilir. %60\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k iletimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse test ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. Kablonun Yang\u0131nda G\u00f6revini Yapabilmesi (Fire Retardant)<\/h4>\n<p>Buraya kadar kablomuza bir &#8220;e\u015fya&#8221; muamelesi yapt\u0131k. Buradan sonra kabloya &#8220;kablo&#8221; muamelesi yapman\u0131n vakti geldi.<\/p>\n<p>Yang\u0131n pompas\u0131, duman uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma fan\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 cihazlar\u0131n yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Yang\u0131n\u0131n nerede ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131, nereye s\u0131\u00e7rayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyiz. Bu cihazlar\u0131 besleyen kablolar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zonlarda yang\u0131n olabilir ve bu kablolar yan\u0131p hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan cihazlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratabilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamak i\u00e7in yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kablo kullanmam\u0131z gerekir. B\u00f6ylece yang\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bile bu kablolar gerilim alt\u0131nda kalmaya, ak\u0131m\u0131 iletmeye ve cihaz\u0131 beslemeye yani fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya devam ederler.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0131pk\u0131 ilk k\u0131s\u0131mda oldu\u011fu gibi &#8220;yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131&#8221; demekle i\u015f bitmiyor. Bu kablonun ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yang\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne s\u00fcreyle fonksiyonunu yerine getirmeye devam etti\u011fini test edilip onaylanmas\u0131 laz\u0131m ki g\u00f6n\u00fcl rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kullan\u0131labilsin. Bu noktada yine uluslararas\u0131 standartlara ba\u015fvuruluyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2.1.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yang\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 (Fire Resistance) IEC 60331-21<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2432 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60331-21.png\" alt=\"IEC60331-21\" width=\"176\" height=\"253\" \/>Katalogda N2XH FE180 kablo sayfas\u0131na geldi\u011fimiz yukar\u0131da anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm mavi logolar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir de &#8220;yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131&#8221; logosunu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n<p>Bu kablo IEC 60331-21 numaral\u0131 standartta tariflenen teste girmi\u015f ve belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki alevin i\u00e7indeyken gerilim alt\u0131nda kalmaya, test ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeye devam edip etmedi\u011fi kontrol edilmi\u015ftir. Asl\u0131nda bu test tek bir numune kablo \u00fczerinde yap\u0131l\u0131r ve kablonun izolasyonunun b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulup bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r. Neticede izolasyonu bozulan kablo ya k\u0131sadevre olacak devre kesiciyi a\u00e7acak ya da koparak iletimi kesecektir. Bu durumda kablo, &#8220;kablo olma&#8221; fonksiyonunu yerine getirmemi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. E\u011fer kablonun izolasyonu uygulanan testte b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmadan hedeflenen s\u00fcre boyunca g\u00f6revini yapmaya devam ederse testi ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7mi\u015f olur. Bu izolasyonu kontrol eden bir standartt\u0131r, elektriksel fonksiyon testi de\u011fildir. Fonksiyon testleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bahsedece\u011fimiz ba\u015fka standartlarla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ama kablonun yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131nda tek test standard\u0131 IEC 60331-21 de\u011fildir. Kablonun \u00e7ap\u0131na, tipine ve test ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen standartlar vard\u0131r. Standartlar\u0131n detay\u0131na girmeden k\u0131saca ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 verelim:<\/p>\n<table width=\"531\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"83\">IEC 60331-21<\/td>\n<td width=\"448\">Beyan gerilimi 0,6\/1kV\u2019a kadar olan kablolar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60331-23<\/td>\n<td>Elektrik Data Kablolar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60331-24<\/td>\n<td>Fiber Optik Kablolar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bu \u00fc\u00e7 standart ilk \u00e7\u0131kan standartlard\u0131r. 750\u00baC alev s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 esast\u0131r. Ancak kablo yang\u0131nda sadece s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa maruz kalmayabilir. Yukar\u0131dan yanarak d\u00fc\u015fen par\u00e7alar kabloya, kablonun ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu konsollar mekanik darbe uygulayabilir. Bu durumu da sim\u00fcle etmek ad\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki standartlar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Hatta bu standartta alev s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 830\u00baCye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu testlerde numune kablo 830\u00baClik alev alt\u0131ndayken periyodik olarak kabloyu ta\u015f\u0131yan mekanizma \u00fczerine mekanik \u015fok uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Test s\u00fcresince k\u0131sadevre olmayan, test ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maya dem eden kablolar testi ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7mi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<table width=\"531\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"83\">IEC 60331-1<\/td>\n<td width=\"448\">Toplam \u00e7ap\u0131 20mm&#8217;yi a\u015fan ve beyan gerilimi 0,6\/1kV olan kablolar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60331-2<\/td>\n<td>Toplam \u00e7ap\u0131 20mm&#8217;yi a\u015fmayan ve beyan gerilimi 0,6\/1kV olan kablolar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60331-3<\/td>\n<td>Metal pano i\u00e7inde ve beyan gerilimi 0,6\/1kV olan kablolar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2433\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/iec60331.png\" alt=\"IEC60331\" width=\"760\" height=\"587\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da IEC 60331 standard\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ilgili standartlar\u0131n listesi vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle IEC 60331-1 ve 2 numaral\u0131 standartlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 tavsiye edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>IEC 60331 standard\u0131 ve &#8220;FE180&#8221; ibaresi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki asl\u0131nda net de\u011fildir. IEC 60331 standard\u0131n\u0131n 8.1 maddesinde alev ve darbe uygulama i\u00e7in 30-60-90 veya 120 dakikal\u0131k s\u00fcrelerden birinin se\u00e7ilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. 180 dakika diye bir opsiyon yoktur.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2434\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8.1.png\" alt=\"8.1\" width=\"740\" height=\"97\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Testin ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlanmas\u0131 durumunda ise kabloya XX, testte esas al\u0131nan s\u00fcre olmak \u00fczere IEC60331-1 (XX) i\u015faretinin konulabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Yani 90 dakika boyunca aleve ve darbeye dayanarak testi tamamlam\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ap\u0131 20mm ge\u00e7en 0,6\/1kV luk kabloya IEC60331-1 (90) olarak i\u015faret vurulabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2435\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/11.png\" alt=\"11\" width=\"739\" height=\"134\" \/>G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi &#8220;FE180&#8221; ibaresi standartta ge\u00e7memektedir. Ama uygulamada &#8220;Flame Exposure&#8221; -&#8220;Aleve maruz kalma&#8221; anlam\u0131nda FE ibaresi ve 180 dakika anlam\u0131nda 180 yaz\u0131larak\u00a0 &#8220;FE180&#8221; \u015feklinde ifade edilmektedir.IEC standard\u0131nda olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen VDE 0472-814 standard\u0131nda 180dk alev uygulama s\u00fcresi oldu\u011fundan ve genelde bu s\u00fcre imalat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131kl\u0131kla FE180 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2.2.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yang\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 (Fire Resistance) EN 50200<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bir standard\u0131m\u0131z daha var yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kabloyu test eden.: EN 50200<\/p>\n<p>Bu standart, acil durumda devrede olmas\u0131 gereken cihazlar\u0131 besleyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elektrik ve sinyal kablolar\u0131n\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok zay\u0131f ak\u0131m kablo kataloglar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kar. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Erse kablonun bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc var:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2439 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ph120.png\" alt=\"ph120\" width=\"420\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kabloda FE180 ibaresinin yan\u0131nda PH120 diye bir ibare daha vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu EN 50200de tariflenen testi ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve 120 dakika boyunca g\u00f6revini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Bu testte numune kabloya 830\u00baC alev uygulan\u0131r ve periyodik olarak mekanik \u015fok verilir. Yani bir yukar\u0131ki maddede anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, kablo \u00e7ap\u0131na g\u00f6re, IEC 60331-1 ya IEC 60331-2 &#8216;den farkl\u0131 bir test de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Kataloglarda IEC 60331-21\/23\/24&#8217;e g\u00f6re FE180 diye yaz\u0131l\u0131p EN50200&#8217;e g\u00f6re de PH120 yazmak kabloya sanki daha &#8220;dayan\u0131kl\u0131&#8221; bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc verdi\u011finden olsa gerek iki ibare ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 veriliyor. Halbuki IEC art\u0131k IEC 60331-21\/23\/24 testlerini tavsiye etmiyor, yerine IEC 60331-1\/2 testlerini tavsiye ediyor ki bu testler EN50200&#8217;e tekab\u00fcl ediyor. \u015eimdi \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7inde mekanik \u015fok olmayan sadece alev testi olan IEC 60331-21\/23\/24 testlerini terkedip i\u00e7inde mekanik \u015fok ve daha y\u00fcksek dereceli alev testi olan IEC 60331-1\/2 ye ge\u00e7erlerse FE180 yazamayacaklar. Belki de FE120 yazacaklar ki bu da &#8220;tenzil-i r\u00fctbe&#8221; gibi alg\u0131lanacakt\u0131r. Bunu yapanlar olsa bile yapmayanlar\u0131n FE180i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda haks\u0131z rekabete u\u011frayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>EN 50200 testinde 15-30-60-90-120 dakikal\u0131k opsiyonlar vard\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcrelerden birini hedefleyip ona g\u00f6re PH de\u011feri al\u0131nabilir. Ancak EN50200&#8217;\u00fcn bir karma\u015fas\u0131 var. Alev testi ve mekanik \u015fok yan\u0131nda su spreyi uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin tarifi de var. Ama testin i\u00e7inde yok. Sadece uygulamak isterseniz \u015f\u00f6yle \u015f\u00f6yle yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z diye tarifi var. Bu tarif &#8220;Annex E&#8221; k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 \u00fcreticiler kataloglar\u0131nda su spreyi testinin de uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak i\u00e7in &#8220;EN 50200-Annex E &#8216;ye g\u00f6re PH90&#8221; bir ifade kullan\u0131yorlar. ,<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;PH&#8221; ifadesinin nereden geldi\u011fine de k\u0131saca de\u011finelim. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa komisyonu bir karar yay\u0131nl\u0131yor ve bu kararda (Karar No: 2000\/367\/EC) yap\u0131 i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma derecelerini yay\u0131nl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2444\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ec_1.png\" alt=\"ec_1\" width=\"605\" height=\"496\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mesela y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini &#8220;R&#8221; harfi ile derecelendiriyor. B\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi &#8220;E&#8221;, \u0130zolasyon &#8220;I&#8221; vs. gibi harflaerle simgeliyor. P ve PH d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler hep yap\u0131 malzemelerine ait olanlard\u0131r. P ve PH ise kabloya ait derecelendirme harfleridir. Komisyon P ve PH ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fu \u015fekilde vermi\u015ftir:,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2438\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ph_3.png\" alt=\"ph_3\" width=\"1110\" height=\"593\" \/><\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7ap\u0131 20mmden az olan g\u00fc\u00e7 ve sinyal kablolar\u0131 i\u00e7in PH kullan\u0131lacak, di\u011fer elektrik ve fiber optik kablolar, kablo aksesuarlar\u0131, konduitler i\u00e7in P harfi kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2.3.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yang\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 (Fire Resistance) DIN 4102-12<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Konu yang\u0131n gibi hassas bir \u015fey olunca standartlar bitmiyor. Yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k testleri tariflerini veren bir \u00e7ok standart var ama \u00fclkemizdeki yayg\u0131n olanlara de\u011finiyoruz. Ve kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00e7\u0131kan FE180 gibi, PH120 gibi bir ifade daha var: E90<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2436 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e90.png\" alt=\"e90\" width=\"431\" height=\"161\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yine Erse&#8217;nin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne bakal\u0131m. Bu sefer E90 yazm\u0131\u015f. &#8220;E&#8221; tak\u0131s\u0131na Alman standard\u0131 DIN 4102-12&#8217;de rastlan\u0131r. Bu standart madde 2.1 ve 2.2&#8217;de tariflenen standartlarda daha kapsaml\u0131 bir testi i\u00e7erir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 testte ger\u00e7ek bir yang\u0131n sim\u00fcle edilir. Di\u011fer testlerde \u00f6zel test d\u00fczene\u011finde tek bir kablonun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenirken bu testte numune kablomuz di\u011fer kablolarla birlikte kablo tavas\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir odaya konur. Odada 1000\u00baCye kadar yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. 90 dakika boyunca kablomuzun g\u00f6revini yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r. test s\u00fcresince ne kadar dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131larak E30, E60 yada E90 olarak derecelendirilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durumda FE180 \/PH120 yerine FE180\/E90 olarak kabloyu tercih etmek daha anlaml\u0131 geliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc FE180 ve PH120 testleri birbirine \u00e7ok benzeyen 2 testtir ama FE180 ve E90 iki farkl\u0131 ko\u015ful ve y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f testtir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2445\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e90_2.png\" alt=\"e90_2\" width=\"605\" height=\"469\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>(Resimde DIN 4102-12 &#8216;ye g\u00f6re test d\u00fczene\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir)<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. Yap\u0131 Malzemeleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (Construction Products Regulation-CPR)<\/h4>\n<p>Madem kablo kataloglar\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de \u00f6yle yapal\u0131m. Prysmian&#8217;\u0131n kablo katalo\u011funda kablo isminin yan\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi resimlerde de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u00fczere Eca, Bca gibi ifadeler yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu k\u0131saltmalar, Yap\u0131 Malzemeleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde(CPR) ilgili kablonun yang\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen derecelerdir. Yukar\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z testlerin yan\u0131nda bir de bu nedir diye sorabilirsiniz? CPR, uukar\u0131daki testleri de i\u00e7eren daha kapsaml\u0131 bir d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n<p>CPR, standarttan \u00f6te bir kanundur. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde kanun halinde uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece kablolar\u0131 de\u011fil, t\u00fcm yap\u0131 malzemelerini ilgilendiren bir d\u00fczenlemedir. Bu d\u00fczenleme ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile resmi gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. (Resmi gazete i\u00e7in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2013\/07\/20130710-10.htm\">t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yap\u0131 malzemelerinin yang\u0131na tepki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na, yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir tebli\u011f yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tebli\u011fe g\u00f6re malzemeler A, B, C, D, E ve F olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralan\u0131yor.Bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n yan\u0131na malzeme tipine g\u00f6re\u00a0 birer indis gelmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6\u015femeler i\u00e7in &#8220;Floor&#8221; dan esinlenerek FL indisi konmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 A1<sub>FL<\/sub>, A2<sub>FL<\/sub>, B<sub>FL<\/sub>, \u2026 F<sub>FL <\/sub>gibi<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011frusal Boru \u0130zolasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in &#8220;Linear&#8221;dan esinlenerek L indisi konmu\u015ftur. A1<sub>L<\/sub>, A2<sub>L<\/sub>, B<sub>L<\/sub>, \u2026 F<sub>L <\/sub>gibi<\/p>\n<p>Kablolar i\u00e7in de &#8220;Cable&#8221; anlam\u0131nda &#8220;ca&#8221; indisi konmu\u015ftur. A<sub>ca<\/sub>, B1<sub>ca<\/sub>, B2<sub>ca<\/sub>, \u2026 F<sub>ca\u00a0<\/sub>gibi<\/p>\n<p>CPR kapsam\u0131nda yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 performans\u0131 g\u00f6steren bu dereceleri almak i\u00e7in hangi testlerin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 ve nas\u0131l test yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in TS EN 50575&#8217;de bir tablo olarak verilmi\u015ftir. (A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo Erse Kablo&#8217;nun sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2454\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cpr3.jpg\" alt=\"cpr3.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"490\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bu tabloyu inceledi\u011fimizde sa\u011f \u00fc\u00e7 kolondaki standartlar yukar\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde de\u011findi\u011fimiz ve art\u0131k tan\u0131d\u0131k gelen standartlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>EN 60332-1-2 aleve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, EN61034-2 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck duman yo\u011funlu\u011fu, halojenden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f testleriydi. ama g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi B, C, D s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7in EN50399 numaral\u0131 standartta anlat\u0131lan testlerin de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenmektedir. A s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inse EN ISO 1716 numaral\u0131 standarttaki test istenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda EN 50399&#8217;da benzer testleri yapt\u0131r\u0131yor ama farkl\u0131 metotlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yor. EN50399&#8217;daki testler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>a) Alev yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131;<br \/>\nb) \u0131s\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m oran\u0131;<br \/>\nc) toplam \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131;<br \/>\nd) duman \u00fcretim oran\u0131;<br \/>\ne) toplam duman \u00fcretimi;<br \/>\nf) yang\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 endeksi;<br \/>\ng) alevli damlac\u0131klar\u0131n \/ par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu testlerden sonra s\u0131navdan &#8220;ka\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z&#8221; EN 13051-6 satnadart\u0131nda anlat\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re belirleniyor.\u00a0A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda EN13501-6&#8217;y\u0131 baza alarak yang\u0131n performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0 hangi kriterleri sa\u011flamak gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2455\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cpr4.png\" alt=\"CPR4.PNG\" width=\"649\" height=\"690\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bu tabloda ge\u00e7en baz\u0131 ifadeler \u015fu anlama gelmektedir:<\/p>\n<p>PCS : Br\u00fct kalori de\u011feri<\/p>\n<p>FIGRA : Yang\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131<\/p>\n<p>THR : a\u00e7\u0131pa \u00e7\u0131kan toplam \u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n<p>TSP : Toplam duman olu\u015fumu<\/p>\n<p>FS : Alev yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (hasarl\u0131 uzunluk)<\/p>\n<p>H: Alev yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<p>SPR : Ortalama duman olu\u015fumu<\/p>\n<p>Bu tabloya bakarak teste soktu\u011fumuz kablomuzun A ile F aras\u0131nda hangi notu tespit edilmektedir. Ama ek s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u015fart\u0131 da konuldu\u011fundan B1, B2, C, D notlar\u0131n\u0131ndan birini ald\u0131ysak &#8220;duman \u00fcretimi&#8221;, &#8220;yanarak d\u00fc\u015fen par\u00e7ac\u0131klar&#8221; ve&#8221;asitlik derecesi&#8221; a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilave bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma daha yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Duman \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"439\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">TSP (1200s)<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">SPR (azami)<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Ge\u00e7irgenlik (G)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s1<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 50m2<\/td>\n<td>0,25 m2\/s<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s1a<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 50m2<\/td>\n<td>0,25 m2\/s<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 %80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s1b<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 50m2<\/td>\n<td>0,25 m2\/s<\/td>\n<td>%60 \u2264\u00a0 G &lt; %80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s2<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 400m2<\/td>\n<td>1,5 m2\/s<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s3<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Performans belirtilmemi\u015fse veya s1\/s2 yi sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015fsa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong style=\"color: var(--color-text);\">Yanarak d\u00fc\u015fen par\u00e7ac\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"544\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">d0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" width=\"480\">1200s i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir alevli par\u00e7ac\u0131k \/ partik\u00fcl d\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015fse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>d1<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">1200s i\u00e7inde alevli damlac\u0131k\/ partik\u00fcl d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor ama 10s i\u00e7inde s\u00f6n\u00fcyorsa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>d2<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Performans belirtilmemi\u015fse veya d0\/d1 i sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015fsa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong style=\"color: var(--color-text);\">Asitlik derecesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<table width=\"384\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\u0130letkenlik (\u0130)<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">pH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>a1<\/td>\n<td>\u0130&lt;2,5 \u03bcS\/mm<\/td>\n<td>pH&gt;4,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>a2<\/td>\n<td>\u0130&lt;10 \u03bcS\/mm<\/td>\n<td>pH&gt;4,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>a3<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Performans belirtilmemi\u015fse veya a1\/a2 yi sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015fsa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Art\u0131k a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resimde &#8220;B2ca -s1 d1 a1&#8221; ifadesinin ne anlama geldi\u011fine dair bir fikir olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2452\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cpr3.png\" alt=\"CPR3\" width=\"394\" height=\"149\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Bu noktada \u00f6nemli bir vurgu yapal\u0131m: CPR kabloya &#8220;e\u015fya&#8221; muamelesi yapar ve yang\u0131ndaki performans\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r. Ama yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen kablolar i\u00e7in bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma yapmaz. Yani bir kabloda FE180 varsa ilaveten Bca s1 gibi bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma beklenmez.<\/p>\n<p>Peki,\u00a0 bu s\u0131n\u0131f s\u0131n\u0131f kablolardan hangisini hangi yerde kullanaca\u011f\u0131z? Bununla ilgili en g\u00fczeli yang\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n raporunu istemek ve orada yazanlar\u0131 uygulamak olacakt\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen Kablo Sanayicileri Derne\u011fi (Kabloder)&#8217;in \u00f6neri anlam\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tabloyu da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bilgi i\u00e7in payla\u015f\u0131yorum. (Kabloder&#8217;in CPR ile ilgili teknik k\u0131lavuzuna buraya <a href=\"http:\/\/kabloder.org\/cpr-teknik-kilavuzu.pdf\">t\u0131klayarak <\/a>ula\u015fabilirsiniz)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2458\" src=\"http:\/\/benga.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cpr5.png\" alt=\"CPR5\" width=\"699\" height=\"905\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bu CPR olay\u0131na san\u0131r\u0131m en \u00e7ok kaliteli kablo \u00fcreticileri sevinmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7, kontrol ve ileti\u015fim kablolar\u0131n\u0131n CE i\u015fareti ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereklidir. CE i\u015fareti almak i\u00e7in sadece LVD (Low Voltage Directive)&#8217;e uygunluk yetmemektedir. Art\u0131k ilave olarak yukar\u0131da anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z testlerden ge\u00e7erek DoP (Decleration Of Performans) belgesi alma gereklili\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu uygulamayla kalitesiz kablo \u00fcreticilerinin \u00f6n\u00fc kesilmi\u015f olmakta, haks\u0131z rekabet azalt\u0131lmakta ve son kullan\u0131c\u0131ya daha kaliteli bir \u00fcr\u00fcn ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u00d6zetlersek, &#8220;yanmaz&#8221; kabloya iki a\u00e7\u0131dan bakmak gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lki bir &#8220;e\u015fya&#8221; gibi bakmak, yanmas\u0131 durumunda ortaya ne gibi etkiler \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. \u0130kincisi ise &#8220;kablo&#8221; olarak bakmak, yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda &#8220;kablo&#8221; olma g\u00f6revini ne kadar yerine getiriyor, yang\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gereken elektrikli ekipmanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Hangi a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarsak bakal\u0131m, kablo se\u00e7erken kablo s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 bilerek anlayarak se\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2017\/05\/20170505-8.htm<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/kms.kaysis.gov.tr\/Home\/Goster\/105348?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.ersekablo.com.tr\/tr-TR\/tepki-siniflari-test-yontemleri\/3735\/3916<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/kabloder.org\/cpr-teknik-kilavuzu.pdf<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.elektriktesisatportali.com\/cpr-yapi-malzemeleri-yonetmeligi-305-2011-ab-ve-kablolar-yazi-dizisi-1.html<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yanmaz kablo diye bir \u015fey yoktur. Her madde gibi kablo da yanar. Ama yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kablo vard\u0131r. Her ne kadar &#8220;Yanmaz kablo&#8221; tabirini kullananlar &#8220;Yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kablo&#8221;yu kastediyor olsalar da yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 vurgulayal\u0131m dedik. Kablolar\u0131n, asl\u0131nda yang\u0131nla 2 s\u0131nav\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130lki yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi reaksiyon (Fire Reaction) di\u011feri ise yang\u0131n esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6revini yapabilmesi&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/2019\/06\/03\/yanmaz-kablo\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Yanmaz&#8221; Kablo<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,1],"tags":[244,245,174,246],"class_list":["post-2414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektrik-tesisat","category-genel","tag-duman-olusumu","tag-fe180","tag-yangin","tag-yanmaz-kablo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2414\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benga.pro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}